The Boltzmann constant (k or kB) is a physical constant that defines the relationship between temperature and energy. Her name is derived from the Austrian physicist Ludwig Boltzmann, who made significant contributions to the study of the statistical nature of heat and entropy. The Boltzmann constant is denoted as kB and has a value of …
Interference of light is a physical phenomenon that occurs when two or more light waves intersect or overlap with each other. In the interference of light, both constructive and destructive wave interactions can be observed, leading to various phenomena such as light bands, color variations, or spots on surfaces. To obtain a stable interference pattern, …
Pascal’s Law is a fundamental law of gas hydrodynamics formulated by the French mathematician and physicist Blaise Pascal in the 17th century. This law describes how changes in pressure affect gases in closed systems and is one of the fundamental properties of gases. Formulation of the law Pascal’s Law is formulated as follows: Liquids and …
The Law of Universal Gravitation is a physical law that describes gravitational interaction within the framework of Newtonian mechanics. It was formulated by the English physicist and mathematician Isaac Newton in 1687 in his work “Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy” (Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica). This law describes the force of gravity between objects with masses …
An arithmetic progression (AP) is a numerical sequence in which each term, starting from the second one, is equal to the sum of the previous term and a constant number ‘d,’ which is called the common difference of the arithmetic progression. If the first term of the arithmetic progression is known as ‘a1’ and the …
The Avogadro’s law is a fundamental law of chemistry formulated by the Italian scientist Amedeo Avogadro in 1811. This law states that under the same conditions of temperature and pressure, equal volumes of any gas contain an equal number of molecules. Avogadro’s law can be expressed as follows: “The volumes of gases formed from the …
Rhenium is a chemical element with atomic number 75 and symbol Re. It belongs to the transition metals and is in the 7th group of the periodic system of elements. Physical Properties Rhenium The physical properties of rhenium Chemical Properties Rhenium The chemical properties of rhenium include the following aspects: Applications Rhenium finds applications in …
Tungsten, symbol W on the periodic table, is a chemical element known for its unique properties. Physical properties Physical properties of tungsten: These physical properties contribute to the unique characteristics and wide range of applications for tungsten in various industries, including aerospace, electrical, automotive, and more. Сhemical properties of tungsten It’s important to note that …
An electric arc is one of the types of electric discharge in a gas. An electric arc is a phenomenon where an electric current crosses the space between two electrodes, resulting in a discharge accompanied by a significant release of energy in the form of light, heat, and sound. It occurs due to the excitation …
Natural numbers are numbers used for counting and numbering objects in nature. They start from 1 and have no upper limit. The set of natural numbers is denoted by N = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, …}. Main properties of natural numbers Operations on natural numbers Operations on natural numbers include addition, subtraction, multiplication, and …