Interference of light is a physical phenomenon that occurs when two or more light waves intersect or overlap with each other. In the interference of light, both constructive and destructive wave interactions can be observed, leading to various phenomena such as light bands, color variations, or spots on surfaces. To obtain a stable interference pattern, …
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a part of the electromagnetic spectrum with wavelengths ranging from 10 nanometers (nm) to 400 nm. UV radiation is invisible to the human eye but has a significant impact on living organisms and the environment. Sources of ultraviolet (UV) radiation Natural sources of ultraviolet radiation: Artificial sources of ultraviolet radiation: UV …
Infrared radiation (IR radiation) is a form of electromagnetic radiation that has a wavelength greater than visible light but shorter than microwaves. IR radiation can be perceived as heat. It encompasses the spectral range between the red limit of visible light with a wavelength of λ = 700 nm (frequency around 430 THz) and microwave …
Color temperature is the measurement of the color of light emitted by a source, expressed in degrees Kelvin (K). It is used to describe the hue of light, regardless of whether it appears warm or cool. Lower color temperatures indicate warm, yellowish light, while higher temperatures indicate cool, bluish light. This can have a significant …
Optical power of a lens is a quantity that is inversely proportional to the focal length; therefore, it can be calculated in diopters. It is denoted by the letter D, and the unit of optical power is the diopter. 1 diopter is the optical power with a focal length of 1 meter. In the SI …
The focal length of a lens is the distance from the center of the lens to the focal point, where parallel rays of light passing through the lens converge. This distance depends on the shape and material of the lens. Lenses are categorized as converging (which bring light rays together) when their focal length is …
Speed of light The speed of light is the highest speed achievable in a vacuum of space, and it is equal to 299,792,458 meters per second. This speed was discovered and experimentally measured in the second half of the 19th century, and according to Albert Einstein’s theory of relativity, it is a fundamental constant of …
Dispersion of light (light breakdown; light scattering) is the phenomenon of breaking down light into a spectrum due to the dependence of the refractive index of a medium on the frequency of the light wave. light scattering is the phenomenon of breaking down white light into its component colors. The reason for this breakdown is …
Diffraction of light is the bending of light waves around the edges of opaque objects and the penetration of light into the region of geometric shadow. Diffraction of light is a characteristic of all waves and is observed in cases where: The condition for observing diffraction is given by: r ≥ d2 / λ Where: …
Light is electromagnetic radiation that is perceived by the human eye. The human eye detects electromagnetic waves with wavelengths ranging from 380 to 760 nanometers (nm). The short-wavelength boundary is typically considered to be the range of 380-400 nm (790-750 THz), while the long-wavelength boundary is 760-780 nm (up to 810 nm) (395-385 THz). Red …